The
most simple way is the tunnel engineering for the railways / roads or mass
rapid transportation systems to face the hill which is hard to bypass or to
burrow into the ground.
No
matter with digging and then covering, traditional drilling / explosion, the
new Austrian or shield construction method, the lining concrete structure must
withstand the pressure from the surrounding covering earth, lateral and road
loads, vehicle running vibration and building. The diaphragm wall and lining-up
structure must be continuously monitored to prevent from the deformation or
damage.
***********************
Examples
of the applications:
1
The stress / strain measurement on the support frame of
the continuous wall.
2 The stress / strain
measurement on the inner lining-structure of the tunnel.